Practice Problems
Solve in order — Beginner → Intermediate → Advanced
| # | Problem | Type | Difficulty | Status | Key Concepts to Apply | Resources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tic-Tac-Toe Game | LLD | Beginner | Board NxN, players, win detection, draw, extensible design | ||
| 2 | Logging System | LLD | Beginner | Singleton logger, log levels (DEBUG/INFO/WARN/ERROR), file appender | ||
| 3 | Calculator | LLD | Beginner | Strategy pattern for operations, expression evaluation, extensibility | ||
| 4 | LRU Cache | LLD | Beginner | HashMap + DLL, O(1) get/put, capacity eviction | ||
| 5 | Snake & Ladder | LLD | Beginner | Board, dice, players, snakes/ladders map, turn management | ||
| 6 | URL Shortener | HLD | Beginner | Base62 encoding, KV store, redirects, expiry, analytics | ||
| 7 | Pastebin | HLD | Beginner | Random key generation, blob storage, TTL expiry, read-heavy optimisation | ||
| 8 | Rate Limiter | HLD | Beginner | Token bucket, fixed window, per-user limits, Redis atomic ops | ||
| 9 | Parking Lot | LLD | Intermediate | Singleton, Strategy (pricing), multiple vehicle types, ticket generation | ||
| 10 | Elevator System | LLD | Intermediate | SCAN algorithm, State machine, request scheduling, multi-elevator coordination | ||
| 11 | ATM Machine | LLD | Intermediate | State pattern, card authentication, account debit, cash dispensing | ||
| 12 | Vending Machine | LLD | Intermediate | State machine (Idle/HasMoney/Dispense), inventory, change calculation | ||
| 13 | Splitwise | LLD | Intermediate | Group expenses, 3 split types, debt simplification with greedy algorithm | ||
| 14 | BookMyShow | LLD | Intermediate | Theatre hierarchy, concurrent seat locking, optimistic locking, payment | ||
| 15 | Instagram / Photo Feed | HLD | Intermediate | S3, CDN, feed fanout, follow graph, infinite scroll pagination | ||
| 16 | Twitter Timeline | HLD | Intermediate | Fanout on write vs read, celebrity accounts, Redis sorted sets | ||
| 17 | Notification System | HLD | Intermediate | APNs, FCM, priority queues, retries with backoff, user preferences | ||
| 18 | Search Autocomplete | HLD | Intermediate | Trie, top-k caching, Kafka for frequency counting, Redis sorted sets | ||
| 19 | Distributed Cache | HLD | Intermediate | Consistent hashing, eviction policies, hot key problem, write strategies | ||
| 20 | Chess Game | LLD | Advanced | Polymorphic pieces, move validation, check/checkmate, game state machine | ||
| 21 | Thread-Safe LRU Cache | LLD | Advanced | ReentrantReadWriteLock, ConcurrentHashMap, sharded locks, benchmarking | ||
| 22 | Pub-Sub Event Bus | LLD | Advanced | Observer pattern, topic registry, async dispatch, backpressure, DLQ | ||
| 23 | WhatsApp at Scale | HLD | Advanced | WebSocket servers, offline delivery, E2E encryption, Cassandra, Kafka | ||
| 24 | YouTube / Video Streaming | HLD | Advanced | HLS/DASH, adaptive bitrate, transcoding workers, CDN, deduplication | ||
| 25 | Uber / Ride Sharing | HLD | Advanced | Geohash, real-time location, driver matching, surge pricing, ETA | ||
| 26 | Google Docs (Real-time Collab) | HLD | Advanced | OT/CRDT, vector clocks, conflict resolution, WebSocket broadcast | ||
| 27 | Payment System (Stripe-like) | HLD | Advanced | Idempotency keys, double-spend, distributed ledger, saga pattern, PCI-DSS | ||
| 28 | Google Search Engine | HLD | Advanced | Web crawler, inverted index, TF-IDF, PageRank, serving layer, indexing |